Greenland's parliament has unanimously voted to protect the island's marine ecosystems by advancing legislation to ban deep-sea mining and seabed exploration until at least 2029.
New Zealand has established five marine reserves under its first Indigenous-government co-management model, combining Māori guardianship with long-term protection of important marine ecosystems.
A landmark ruling has blocked offshore oil exploration in South Africa, strengthening protections for coastal communities, marine ecosystems and their livelihoods.
